You might choose a career based on your family culture by picking something you know your family values. This is called Shafaah. Healthcare in Iran is based on three pillars: the public-governmental system, the private sector, and NGOs. I should make myself a better person. The government also provides donors with free health insurance, and the patients sometimes give an additional donation to donors. Patients in Somalia commonly exhibit symptoms of chronic disorders in response to stress and turmoil. Reducing health . As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). The Islamic Republic of Iran is a Middle Eastern nation located at the crossroads between Arab Asia and Central Asia. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. As people dont want to risk doing something shameful, they generally adhere to social expectations. All people may gain the prestige of a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys dishonour. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? (PERSIAN CULTURE) Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. Passive Religious Deferral refers to passive waiting for God to control the situation. It seems that making decision for cesarean is done under the influence of cultural perceptions and beliefs. The Middle East consists of . Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). After the loss of her unborn child, Nahal spirals into deep depression, deciding not to remove dead fetal tissue from her womb. To request a reprint or commercial or derivative permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below. Ziyarat is, however, not merely a way of reaching God to ask for help. (Bhardwaj, Citation1998, p. 72). keeping to the rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives). The health beliefs of individuals have a . The term existential coping is employed because these methods involve individuals efforts to discover an inwardly source in nature, themselves or others that can assist them in coping with their problems. Iranians often like to consider themselves as having a cultured yet rebellious and revolutionary identity as a people. We will try by sociologically analyzing the results, to discuss the role of cultural beliefs in coping. Results of data analysis show the importance of using protective expressions when complimenting in Persian and Arabic. With a population of 80 million (2017), Iran is one of the most populous countries in West Asia. Thus, we can argue that the reason individuals turn to religion in times of crisis is that religion is more accessible in their sociocultural context than are other resources. 5 Here we refer to the real believers and not to the majority of Iranians who according to the law are regarded as Shiites. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well', and should include retrieval of individuals' cultural and religious beliefs and values, and preferences for care. Robert T. Muller, Ph.D., is a professor of psychology at York University, and the author of the book Trauma and the Avoidant Client. Indeed, subjects that Australians often avoid (politics and religion) are not necessarily taboo conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran. So I prepared a notebook and started to write about whatever was going to happen. However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. The health care beliefs and values of Mexican-Americans. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. Iranian Clothing - What to wear while traveling to Iran? When she tries to address the issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away. 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of Iranian women and 20.8 percent of Iranian men have mental-health difficulties. Culture is a tool that its members use to assure their survival and well-being, as well as provide meaning to life. At first glance, public behaviour in Iran is generally conservative. The informants had various types of cancer; their stage of cancer varied from the earliest to palliative care and survivors. One usually turns immediately to family for assistance and may tell their problems and issues only to their family members. Culture, a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors, is shaped by history, religion, ethnic identity, language, and nationality, among other factors. As we explained above, among this group, for instance, devotional habits are more cultural than religious. In so doing, the following steps were undertaken. Figure 1, presented by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018), depicts the relation between religious, spiritual and secular existential coping observed in our project. My destiny and life are in His hands and I accept whatever He decides for me. The Iranian people have a record of practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam. Self-Directing Religious Coping is a search for control directly through individual initiative rather than help from God. However, it has received less attention from policymakers and health researchers in Iran. After all the interviews had been transcribed and analyzed, the main citations (participants responses and statements) for each category were translated into English by the researchers. Culture is one of the most important factors affecting the development of motherhood in Iran. One 41-year-old man explained this: We have a responsibility to act. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia! Designing effective health interventions for managing early marriage needs to apply the community-based approaches. Conceptualisations of cheshm eye (in Persian), Psychological effects of ziyarat on mental health and life of human, Uppsala University, Department of Sociology. This happened in the midst of human civilization through invasions. I knew that I would win if I only relied on myself. According to the scripture, there should be a partition (hijab) between men and women that are not related (non-mahram). As Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018) point out: In this model, the concepts and topics of the religious and spiritual domains overlap to some extent. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. "Cultural family values" emerged as a facilitator for child marriage. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. When an elder family members husband or wife dies, they will usually move into the house of one of their children. In the current paper, based on the study carried out in Iran, only the results on religious coping methods will be presented. Someone who is a theologian is presumed to have the moral high ground and power in decision-making, gaining them a lot of respect. The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. However, individuals may not necessarily believe in these actions and instead fake them for the sake of their safety and reputation. Among Muslims, the idea of testing (Ekhtebar) is rather robust. Despite the firmly entrenched reach of the Islamic Republic, Iranians generally discuss politics with vigour. Another coping method in this category is Punishing God Reappraisal. In the current article, we present the results from our study in Iran, which looks at religious coping methods from a cultural perspective. Values are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture's beliefs. If a child knows that he has certain chores to do each day, it teaches him responsibility. This changed as the Islamic Republic legally enforced the separation of genders and placed extreme restrictions on women. Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. It has had a Muslim majority population for centuries and so the culture is deeply characterised by its strong Islamic influence. Almost all Iranian schools are segregated. Significant class differences were exacerbated through periods of recent economic hardship and instability. Ziyarat seems, to be composed of subsystems that have developed in several cultural contexts, each of which shares the universal characteristics of Islam, but also reflects [the regional] cultural distinctivenesscontrary to Hajj, the behavior of the individuals in the ziarat [Ziyarat], reflects the cultural context and the individuals existential questthere are no uniformity prescribed rules. As concerns religious coping, we started from the Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE (Pargament, Koenig, & Perez, Citation2000, p. 521). The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. In above citation, we see a passive approach to facing ones illness and totally relying on God. The notion that illness is a test imposed on us by God is an old one. Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. 2 COMMUNICATION Greetings Hello Salaam Goodbye Khoda hafez . This system of theocratic governance remains in place today. Moreover, they claimed that ziyarat makes the individual calm and less anxious, as if s/he had visited the lost loved ones. According to research published in the Journal of Health and Social Behaviour by Erin Cornwell of Cornell University and Linda Waite of the University of Chicago, social relationships are particularly important for those coping with mental illness; social withdrawal aggravates loneliness, stress, and feelings of low self-worth. They're informed by the cultures we most associate ourselves with. While the nuclear family is modestly sized, close relationships with the extended family mean peoples family networks are sometimes quite large. This mindset manifests in health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways. On the contrary, seeking the love of saints and imams was found in this study. The first, and perhaps most crucial, elements of culture we will discuss are its values and beliefs. Islam is practiced by the majority of Iranians and governs their personal, political, economic and legal lives. Show abstract. Such an unwillingness to turn to clergies in the time of difficulty is also found in our Turkish study. It is also considered quite prestigious to be able to trace ones heritage back for centuries. Ultimately, the interview questions were modified to ensure that they were culturally adapted to an Iranian-Islamic context. Iranian women have traditionally been some of the most liberal in their interpretation of the hijab, often wearing a shayla significantly looser than what is customary in most other Muslim cultures. Patient-centered care implies involving family members and incorporating care tailored to the patient's culture. At the same time Iranians will try to bring the outdoors inside whenever possible. Iranians can often recount the countrys legacy and heritage in great detail. Some people believe ziyarat has undeniable positive effects on their wellbeing, mental health and behaviour. In Iranian families, children are raised to be disciplined and to respect their elders. A 75-year-old woman told us: When the doctor said I had cancer, my children were extremely worried but I tried to comfort them to not be worried and said they should trust in God. We observed the use of a coping method by some informants that can be categorised as Benevolent Religious Reappraisal. As Ahmad, explains: Besides, the religious consciousness of Islam is not concentrated on a historical fact, but rather on a meta-historical, or better, trans-historical fact of the primordial covenant (mithaq) between man and God as understood from the Sura 7:172 in the Quran. Rice and fresh unleavened or semi leavened whole-grain bread are staple starches. In recent years, there has been reasonably little disagreement between ethnicities in Iran which is significant considering the diversity. They help teach kids the difference between right and wrong. TEHRAN, Nov. 18 (MNA) - According to PersianRestaurant.org, food culture is the practices, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food. Generally, young adults hide the existence of their girlfriend or boyfriend from their parents (especially the father) until they have ascertained that their relationship will lead to marriage. I think He has listened. Three experts performed the peer examination. Across its history, Iran has continuously pursued modernisation whilst looking to maintain its spiritual integrity. The interviews occurred in a private room at the Behnam Daheshpour Charity Organization; there were no interruptions. The first one is conversation with God and saints. Nevertheless, while politics is commonly ridiculed, most people are very reluctant to criticise Islam both from a social standpoint and a moral/theological perspective. Article. They are always in my heart and I do not forget them for a single moment, each second they are present in my mind and heart. Family culture influences the way each family member thinks, feels, and acts on a daily basis. We will present these methods in another article. The healthcare and medical sector's market value in Iran was almost US$24 billion in 2002 and is forecast to rise to US$96 billion in 2017. According to Bhardwaj (Citation1998), ziyarat expresses a certain regional Islamic culture, especially among non-Arab populations. Seer: It is garlic and represents medicine or health. Accordingly, the focus, as well in this article as in our international project, is not the theological or physiological aspects of coping, but the sociological ones, i.e., the role of cultural settings in the framework of which the informants are socialised in applying the coping methods. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of. Mixing of males and females only really occurs within families or closely knit circles of friends. It would seem reasonable to assume that religion is more accessible to individuals whose orientation system is greatly marked by religion. Family Solidarity - Intergenerational solidarity refers to the degree of closeness and support between different generations. Outreach and education efforts by the health care community can help . The purpose of this study was to explore factors promoting Iranian older adults' spirituality. This is the way they act at home or with their inner circle, where they can reveal their baaten (inside or true) identity without risk of arrest. One contributing factor may be that women in Iran are often confined to the home, leading to isolation and poor domestic conditions. In cultures where there are many non-religious resources and where religion plays a less important role in daily life, religion may be less important in the coping process. Data was reported in Iran in 2013 has shown that almost 42 percent of deliveries in public hospitals and 90 percent in private hospitals were carried out with cesarean section. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well'. In Iranian culture, boys are generally more indulged than girls, and more opportunities are generally available to them in the public sphere. Mexican Family Culture: Important Values, Traditions, and Beliefs. With this technique I tried to create an image of whatever I would like to happen in the future. Naturally, in most societies religion is not the sole available resource in an individuals orienting system; there are other dimensions in life e.g., biological, psychological, social, and environmental to which a person can turn when faced with adversity. We found two patterns in our interviews. Mental illness in a family member is viewed as a familial flaw. Education, wealth and ethnic or tribal associations can all affect a persons social standing. Italy is a country located in the south of Europe. culture and values, Nigerians progressively imbibed the white-men's way of life and values (Nwabuisi, 2000). 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